Greene County Democrat

Tag: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

  • Newswire : Bird Flu (H5N1) has been found in all 50 States

    Bird Flu: Can We Still Eat Eggs & Poultry? Kwangmoozaa – Getty Images

    By Gabby Romero, Delish

    The threat of avian flu has dominated public health discourse as cases become increasingly more widespread and severe. H5N1, a highly pathogenic strain, was present in several continents as early as 1996. Since reaching North America in late 2021, this strain has impacted wild animals, commercial livestock, and humans. In recent days, the first fatal human case of H5N1 was reported in Louisiana—someone over 65 who was exposed to a backyard flock of birds and wild birds.

    The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified that the nation’s first 46 cases in 2024 were all mild and, save for one, all caused by exposure to infected animals. Health experts still maintain that the current public health risk is low, but consumers are understandably growing concerned about how this strain of avian flu will impact the food we eat.

    The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced in March 2024 that H5N1 began impacting dairy cattle in a few states. Since then, the outbreaks among cattle have continued across 16 states and spread to dozens of humans, prompting California Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency. The prominence of H5N1 is even more evident among commercial poultry, where cases have been identified in all 50 states.
    But how will all of this impact the eggs and poultry we eat? is it, in fact, safe to keep eating these products? We’re breaking down everything we know so far.

    How Much Has H5N1 Already Impacted Our Food Supply?

    H5N1 has presented a hindrance when it comes to the commercial dairy and livestock industry, but not in a way that will necessarily get you sick. “We have already seen milk infected with H5N1, but pasteurization kills the virus. We have not found it in beef, chicken or eggs,” says Brian Labus, PhD, MPH, REHS, Assistant Professor at University of Nevada Las Vegas’s School of Public Health.

    “The likelihood of H5N1 being transmitted in poultry products is extremely low as the onset of symptoms appear rapidly in poultry, especially turkeys, and the birds quickly succumb to the virus,” says Mitzi Baum, CEO of Stop Foodborne Illness. The onset of H5N1 is so fast that Labus says that infected birds do not have enough time to lay eggs before the symptoms become fatal.

    In addition, several federal and industry guidelines are in place to further reduce the risk of H5N1 entering our food supply. “The likelihood that eggs from infected poultry are in the retail market is low, due to safeguards in place, which include testing of flocks and federal inspection programs,” says Dr. Mickey Rubin, Vice President of Research for The American Egg Board. “Once a commercial poultry farm is identified as HPAI positive, the farm is placed under quarantine, and all movement of eggs and birds immediately stops.

    This is required and enforced by state veterinarians working collaboratively with USDA.”
    Rubin also notes that egg farmers dealing with an avian flu outbreak cannot resume normal operations without thorough cleaning, disinfecting, testing, and approval from the USDA and the state government. The loss in production helps prevent infected products from reaching the food supply. It also puts a strain on the supply chain, which has caused  increased egg and poultry prices for the consumer.

    Can We Still Eat Eggs & Poultry?

    When it comes to avian flu risk levels, buying eggs and poultry from the supermarket is on the lower end of the spectrum. The CDC argues that there is no evidence that food will transmit H5N1—as long as it’s cooked and handled properly.

    “Although H5N1 can potentially be found in our food, influenza isn’t really a foodborne disease. You have to breathe it in to get sick, not eat it,” Labus explains. “There is a much greater risk of being infected with common foodborne pathogens like Salmonella.”

    Health experts advise fully cooking your eggs and poultry to an internal temperature of 165°F to kill bacteria and viruses, including this strain of avian influenza. Thoroughly cooking your chicken is something most home cooks are familiar with doing, but the increased precautions may affect how you consume eggs. Soft, runny, and undercooked eggs don’t reach a high enough temperature to stave away pathogens, which presents the risk of transmission. The safest way to eat eggs is to cook them all the way, meaning both the white and yolk are firm.
    If you’re not ready to give up on runny eggs, Baum suggests buying pasteurized shell eggs that can reduce the risk of transmission. It’s also advised that you use these eggs, or pasteurized egg products, when making recipes that don’t cook eggs all the way through. Examples include salad dressings and homemade ice cream.

  • Newswire: FDA approves updated COVID-19 vaccines amid rising cases and hospitalizations

    By Stacy M. Brown, NNPA Newswire Senior National Correspondent


    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved updated COVID-19 vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech in response to the surge in cases and hospitalizations. Both manufacturers have reported that their vaccines demonstrate effectiveness against the currently dominant EG.5 strain in the United States.
    The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, an independent expert group advising the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), will now assess the safety and efficacy of these updated vaccines and provide recommendations for their deployment. Following approval by the CDC director, the vaccines will be available for administration. The advisory group plans to convene immediately, suggesting that the vaccines may soon be accessible at select pharmacies and healthcare facilities.
    Health authorities have emphasized the urgency of vaccination once the shots become available. The new release coincides with a late summer surge in COVID-19 hospitalizations and growing concerns over the potential impact of respiratory viruses, including COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus, in the upcoming fall and winter seasons.
    Dr. Peter Marks, director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, underlined the importance of vaccination in protecting against severe COVID-19 consequences.
    “The public can be assured that these updated vaccines have met the agency’s rigorous scientific standards for safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing quality. We very much encourage those who are eligible to consider getting vaccinated,” Marks stated in a news release.
Dr. Dan Barouch, director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, noted that despite an increase in infection rates and hospitalizations, the rates of severe disease, hospitalizations, and death are still significantly lower than in previous years.
    Albert Bourla, CEO of Pfizer, highlighted the significance of this decision, especially with COVID-19 cases on the rise again. He said that nearly all individuals aged six months or older in the U.S. are eligible for this season’s COVID-19 vaccine, even if they have not been previously vaccinated.
    The updated vaccines are approved for individuals 12 and older, with emergency use authorization for those aged six months to 11 years. The bivalent Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines are no longer authorized for use in the United States.
    According to the FDA, babies and young children from six months to four years who have not been vaccinated can receive three doses of the updated Pfizer/BioNTech shot or two doses of the updated Moderna booster. Those who have been previously vaccinated will follow specific dosage guidelines. For those five and older, a single dose of the updated vaccines is recommended at least two months after their last COVID-19 shot, irrespective of previous vaccination.
    Stéphane Bancel, CEO of Moderna, emphasized the critical role of updated vaccines in protecting the population during the peak respiratory virus season. “COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death in the U.S. and poses a significant threat to vulnerable populations, particularly as we enter peak respiratory virus season,” Bancel stated.
    The mRNA vaccines have been adjusted to combat the XBB.1.5 Omicron subvariant of the coronavirus and related strains. The FDA anticipates that COVID-19 vaccine compositions may need annual updates, similar to seasonal influenza vaccines.
    
Dr. Ugur Sahin, CEO and co-founder of BioNTech, stated, “Our goal is to provide people worldwide with COVID-19 vaccines that are adapted to circulating virus variants or sub-lineages.”
    
The updated vaccines, administered in a single dose, are expected to be available at no cost to those in need.
    Novavax’s updated COVID-19 vaccine has not yet received FDA authorization but is currently under review for individuals aged 12 and older.
    Under the Affordable Care Act, most insurance plans cover the total cost of vaccines, eliminating co-pays for insured individuals. The uninsured or underinsured can access the vaccine at no cost through the CDC’s Bridge Access Program, a temporary initiative set to conclude by December 2024.
    Officials noted that this is the first instance of vaccines being provided through the commercial market. According to CNN, during a Pfizer investor call in October, officials estimated a potential list price of $110 to $130 per single dose for adults.